![]() ![]() This near-zero matrix is now singular for some maximum lag number (>=5) and thus the test crashes. ![]() To do this an estimate of the parameters covariance matrix (which is then near-zero) and its inverse is needed (as you can also see in the line invcov = np.linalg.inv(cov_p) in the traceback). From the traceback, you can see, that internally a wald test is used to compute the maximum likelihood estimates for the parameters of the lag-time series. The problem arises due to the perfect correlation between the two series in your data. > 90 raise LinAlgError("Singular matrix")ĩ2 def _raise_linalgerror_nonposdef(err, flag): usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/numpy/linalg/linalg.py in _raise_linalgerror_singular(err, flag)Ĩ9 def _raise_linalgerror_singular(err, flag): I am trying to run grangercausalitytests on two time series: import numpy as npįrom import grangercausalitytests
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".several major transit agencies lost 25 to 35 percent of their riders between 20, and most of these continued to lose in 2017. Today, New Geography published this commentary by Randal O'Toole on declining ridership at transit agencies across the nation. Randal O'Toole reports on declining national transit ridership: Young avers, then others at HART must have been involved in the "red flags," so why is a forensic audit still not essential? ![]() Young discovered something subsequent to the audit he performed that changed his mind? Young not call for such an audit when Mr. Grabauskas were still in office he would call for a forensic audit. Honolulu's City Auditor Edwin Young is a recipient of the national Association of Government Accountants' Distinguished Local Government Leadership Award so it is with some trepidation that I comment on his reported remarks in this morning's Star Advertiser. Our comments on the City Auditor's remarks: Today's column in the Star Advertiser by David Shapiro is well thought advice for the legislature on why they must wait for the results of the HART audit before approving any future funding for rail. Rail Transit and the Pattern of Modern Cities: The California Case. Thus, rail passenger trains provide an inferior service with respect to income, analogous to potatoes, farinaceous foods, and other inferior goods, consumption of which decreases with increments in income." ![]() "An increase of one percent in family income will typically reduce the family's use of rail passenger service by 0.6 percent. One of our favorite quotes is that from the late UCLA Economics and Transportation Professor George Hilton who in classing rail transit as what economists call "inferior goods" once wrote: I would appreciate it if you would share this with others who have an interest in the subject, particularly with anyone who has any knowledge of the period covered in the first two chapters covering the period 1827 to 1923, not necessarily just about public transportation. Chapter III will be "The Roller Coaster Years, 1923-1946. Further chapters will be released from time to time when finished. Chapter I is," The Growth of Public Transportation, 1827-1923," Chapter II is, " The Automotive Revolution to 1923," and it is Three months ago I released the Introduction and the first chapter of Getting Around: a history of how we move around in American cites. Here's another chapter of "Getting Around": This is very carefully documented analysis that does not analyse Honolulu's situation, but we will provide that shortly. Transit Apocolypse, CATO Senior Fellow, Randall O'Toole, discusses the present state of the nation's public transportation and shows irrefutably that in the light of current trends and the future effects of autonomous cars and buses that public transportation is not sustainable and might collapse as early as 2030. This is a most interesting short article that is well worth your time reading it.ĬATO's O'Toole forecasts the coming collapse of public transportation: ![]() He gives details of the $100 billion shortfall in rail maintenance funds nationwide and links to the Department of Transportation site that discusses the shortfall city by city. Commuters will be in driverless cars by then." Last Stop on the Light-Rail Gravy Train Mayors want new lines that won’t be ready for a decade. The Wall Street Journal today features O'Toole's "I t’s the Wall Street Journal features O'Toole's forecasts: The Editorial Board of Civil Beat has today endorsed the idea of reconsidering the rail route to end at Middle Street in light of the current negative impact of Uber and Lyft on TheBus ridership and its portent of the effects of what autonomous vehicles are going to have on public transportation generally. Many other societal changes have had a profound effect on how we move around in urban America.Ĭivil Beat joins us in reconsidering rail route: I would appreciate it if you would share this with others who have an interest in the subject, particularly with anyone who has any knowledge of the period covered in the first three chapters covering the period 1827 to 1946, not necessarily just about transportation. ![]() I have been slowly introducing the various chapters of my book, which is essentially a history of how we move around in American cities. Chapter III, The Roller Coaster Years, 1923-1946, is now ready today and is linked below:Ĭhapter I - The Growth of Public Transportation, 1827-1923,Ĭhapter II - The Automotive Revolution to 1923,Ĭhapter III - The Roller Coaster Years, 1923-1946. Here's one more chapter of "Getting Around in Urban America": General Motors and the Demise of Streetcars They are impressively durable, waterproof, and agile. Sphero robots also include balls and capsules that autonomously roll. Kids can control a host of Sphero robots with coding app Sphero Edu, including mini versions of Star Wars droids like BB-8 and R2-D2. Sphero has LED lights and sounds that can also be programmed, and the students love to be creative by adding their first letters, names, or other shapes. Students are not limited to just programming the movement of sphero. On top of these rich learning opportunities, Sphero Edu provides challenging activities and competitions to complete. Kids will learn about robotic, coding, how Sphero operates, and explore different components. Sphero Edu is designed for teaching STEM through coding, science, music, and the arts. Sphero Play is designed to use at home for entertainment and learning. Sphero Edu is your hub to create, contribute, and learn with Sphero robots.Sphero is a spherical electronic device with an application that can be installed on a tablet or a smartphone. Go beyond code by incorporating unique STEAM activities to complete with your bot.ĭesigned for learner progression, Sphero Edu beginners can give robots commands by drawing a path in the app for their robot to follow. Intermediate coders can use Scratch blocks to learn more advanced logic, while pros can use text programming and write their own JavaScript. ![]() Sphero Edu is built for makers, learners, educators, and parents. The interactive platform allows you to keep track of your class or group from one easy place. Anyone can save their progress, jump from device to device, and continue the discovery from anywhere. Preparing for the future has never been so fun. PROGRAMS: Program your bots in 3 ways with Draw, Block, and Text modes. SENSOR DATA: See location, accelerometer, gyroscope, velocity, and distance sensor data through visual graphs.ĪCTIVITIES: Program a painting. TAKE A DRIVE: Need a brain break? Set LED colors on your robot and zoom around in Drive mode.ĪSSIGNMENTS: Are you a teacher? Monitor progress by creating and assigning activities to students. Unsupported Robots: Sphero Original, Force Band, Lightning McQueen, Spider-Man, indi Supported Robots: Sphero RVR, Sphero BOLT, Sphero SPRK+, Sphero SPRK Edition, Sphero 2.0, Sphero Mini, Ollie, BB-8, BB-9E, R2-D2, R2-Q5 INTEGRATIONS: Simplify classroom use by signing in and syncing classrooms with Google and Clever accounts. ? Ok let’s get started:įirst, I would like to know if there is any way to block people. I was scrolling through the programs people posted and saw something very very disturbingly creepy (I can’t unsee it now) that somebody decided to use as the pic they posted the program with. Kids my age shouldn’t have to see what I saw, that was too much for me to handle. If there is already a way to block people, I probably haven’t been looking hard enough, lol ?Īlso, I think that we should be able to do more stuff besides make programs if you don’t have a public account. It would be nice if there was a little guide that told you what each block does-e.g. I’m a first time programmer so I don’t know what “create a variable” and “true & true” means. But since I don’t know what most of the blocks do-except for “move” and “speak”, ha ha-it’s gotten hard to create most programs. But since I don’t know what most of the blocks do-except for “move” and “speak”, ha ha-it’s gotten hard to create most programs.Molecular communication (MC) implemented on Nano networks has extremely attractive characteristics in terms of energy efficiency, dependability, and robustness. Even though, the impact of incredibly slow molecule diffusion and high variability environments remains unknown. Analysis and designs of communication systems usually rely on developing mathematical models that describe the communication channel. However, the underlying channel models are unknown in some systems, such as MC systems, where chemical signals are used to transfer information. ![]() Furthermore,Ĭonsider that if you have a locksmith come out and make you a new key outside regular business hours, the price may increase. Therefore, the total price is usually higher. However, you will likely have to tow the car there to program the new key or remote. The dealer usually charges about 10% to 15% less for the replacement key than a locksmith would charge. Did your replacement key come from the dealer, or an automotive locksmith? Or did you get it online? Click here to get a more detailed explanation of how to get a replacement key. The price depends on where you get a key replacement. Click here to see the model and type of key you had for a more accurate price and additional information. On later models, you can therefore expect to pay more than $250 for a replacement key. The newer the car is, the better the security features the key has. The type of key you had and the year the car was manufactured are the most important factors for identifying if you need a chip, intelligent fob, “push to start”, remote, regular “non-transponder” key. Where you get a key replacement (dealer, automotive locksmith, online, etc.).In short, replacing a Mazda Protegé key can cost between $120 to $155. Q: Mazda Protegé key replacement cost – How much does it cost to replace a Mazda Protegé key without the original? What is the average price? The VIN helps the locksmith or dealer verify the year, make, and model of the car and determine which key you had.įinally, make sure you can show ownership of the car by having the necessary documents – title, ID, insurance card, etc. Q: What should I tell the locksmith or dealer when I call for service?Ī: First, make sure you have the exact year, make, and model, e.g., 2003 Mazda Protegé.Īlso, write down the VIN (Vehicle Identification Number) of the car located on the left side of the dashboard near the mirror ( Click here for more information). Not ready to call for service just yet? Click here for some GREAT ideas on how to find lost car keys. Therefore, the options for getting a new key made and programmed depends on whether you need a transponder or a regular key.Ī: For a more detailed explanation, including tips on SAVING TIME AND MONEY, please visit our blog post: How to get a replacement key. Transponder key on a computer operated cutting machineĪ word of caution: The type of key you need depends on the year and model of your Mazda Protegé. 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